Md Kawsar Munna, Author at Makto Mine

Type of Galaxy, clusters and aggregation, Origins & Galaxy Prediction

by Md Kawsar Munna | Mar 26, 2022 | Physics

Some galaxies are like the Milky Way, but some are quite different.

A galaxy is a vast system of dust, gas, dark matter, and a million to trillion stars that are held together by gravity. Supermassive black holes are also thought to be at the center of almost all large galaxies. In our own galaxy, the Milky Way, the Sun is one of about 100 to 400 billion stars revolving around Sagittarius A *, a supermassive black hole with a mass equal to four million suns.

The deeper we look at the universe, the more galaxies we see. A 2016 study estimated that there are two trillion or two million galaxies in the observable universe. Some of these remote systems are like our own Milky Way galaxy, others are quite different.

Galaxy variants

Before the 20th century, we did not know that galaxies other than the Milky Way existed; Earlier astronomers classified them as “nebulae” because they looked like obscure clouds. But in the 1920s, astronomer Edwin Hubble showed that the Andromeda “nebula” was a galaxy in its own right. Since it is so far away from us, light from Andromeda takes more than 2.5 million years to fill the gap. Despite the immense distance, Andromeda is the largest galaxy closest to our Milky Way, and it is so bright in the night sky that it is visible to the naked eye in the Northern Hemisphere.

In 1936, Hubble introduced a way to classify galaxies, dividing them into four main types: spiral galaxies, lenticular galaxies, elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies.

More than two-thirds of all observed galaxies are spiral galaxies. A spiral galaxy consists of a flat, rotating disk with a central bulge surrounded by a spiral arm. This rotational speed of hundreds of kilometers per second can cause disk material to take on a distinct spiral shape, such as a cosmic pinwheel. Our Milky Way, like other spiral galaxies, has a linear, starred bar at its center.

Elliptical galaxies are shaped according to their names: they are usually round but can extend one axis longer than the other so that some look like a cigar. The largest known galaxy in the universe – the giant elliptical galaxy – could hold one trillion stars and spread over two million light-years. Elliptical galaxies can also be small, in which case they are called dwarf elliptical galaxies.

The elliptical galaxy contains many old stars, but also a small amount of dust and other interstellar matter. Their stars orbit the galactic center, as in the disk of a spiral galaxy, but they do so in a more random direction. Some new stars are known to form in elliptical galaxies. They are common in galaxy clusters.

Lenticular galaxies, such as the iconic Sombrero galaxy, sit between elliptical and spiral galaxies. They are called “lenticular” because they are similar to lenses: like spiral galaxies, stars have a thin, rotating star disk and a central bulge, but they do not have a spiral arm. Like elliptical galaxies, they have little dust and interstellar matter, and they often appear to form in densely populated regions of space.

Galaxies that are not spiral, lenticular, or elliptical are called irregular galaxies. Irregular galaxies – such as the large and small Magellanic clouds that surround our Milky Way – are misplaced and do not have a distinct form, often under the gravitational influence of other nearby galaxies. They are full of gas and dust, which makes them a great nursery for new star formation.

Galactic clusters and aggregation

Some galaxies are seen alone or in pairs, but they are often part of larger groups known as clusters, clusters, and superclusters. Our Milky Way, for example, consists of a local group, a galaxy group that spans about 10 million light-years, including the Andromeda galaxy and its satellites. Both the local cluster and its neighboring galaxy cluster, the Virgo cluster, contain larger Virgo superclusters, densities of galaxies that span approximately 100 million light-years across. The virgin supercluster, instead, is a part of the Laniakia, an even larger supercluster of 100,000 galaxies that was defined by astronomers in 2014.

Clusters of galaxies often interact and even merge into a dynamic cosmic dance of gravitational interaction. When two galaxies collide and merge, gases can flow toward the galactic center, which can quickly trigger events such as star formation. Our own Milky Way will merge with the Andromeda Galaxy in about 4.5 billion years.

Astronomers have predicted that our home galaxy will merge with our neighboring galaxy Andromeda.

Since elliptical galaxies have older stars and fewer gases than spiral galaxies, the types of galaxies seem to represent part of the natural evolution: spiral galaxies interact and coalesce with age, losing their familiar shape and becoming elliptical galaxies. But astronomers are still working on specific issues, such as why elliptical galaxies follow certain patterns in brightness, size, and chemical composition.

Galaxy origins

The first stars in the universe ignited about 180 million years after the Big Bang, the explosive moment 13.8 billion years ago that marked the origin of the universe as we know it. Gravity sculpted the first galaxies in shape when the universe was 400 million years old or less than 3 percent of its current age.

Astronomers now think that almost all galaxies – with possible exceptions – are embedded in a huge halo of dark matter. Theoretical models further suggest that early in the universe, the huge tendrils of Dark Matter provided the gravitational scaffold normal matter needed to first merge into the galaxy.

However, there are still open questions about how galaxies form. Some believe that galaxies are made up of small clusters of about one million stars, known as globular clusters, while others believe that galaxies were formed first and then globular clusters. It is also difficult to determine how many stars in a given galaxy are formed from their own gas, formed in another galaxy, and later join the group.

By letting astronomers see the farthest boundaries of the universe এবং and early moments, instruments like NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope will help solve long-standing questions.

Middle class families and there some bad habits to be themselves.

by Md Kawsar Munna | Mar 10, 2022 | Psychology

I myself come from a middle-class family, so if I write something wrong, please forgive me.

There are many habits of the middle-class family, which are so closely associated with the members of the middle-class family and their lives as natural laws. So it becomes difficult to identify them.

The middle-class family loves cricket games very much. But they don’t play cricket, they only watch cricket.
They waste time watching sports and then discussing it with friends and wasting time there too.
On the other hand, upper-class families take sports as a hobby, they are able to maintain their fitness through sports. They are more interested in making money by buying different types of teams in the game.

The middle-class family likes to spend time watching reality shows (Bigg Boss), popular shows (IIFA, Kapil Sharma Show), and popular serials (Rasmani, Kailashnathan, or Saas-Bahoor) on television. Moreover, social media platforms are the most popular nowadays. On the other hand, upper-class families prefer to come on television.

Middle-class families are always reactive. They give their control to others and get upset over little things. They blame others for their mistakes but do not take responsibility.
- Upper-class families, on the other hand, are always active. Doesn’t react, shows up and takes responsibility, and doesn’t try to blame anyone by repeating mistakes. They try to learn from every mistake.

Middle-class families usually envy upper-class families. They waste time criticizing, and they view money negatively, ie – money is the root of evil. Upper-class families don’t care about these, they work on their dreams, and they work perfectly to realize their passion.
Middle-class families do a lot more than they need to, which in my opinion usually public affairs. For example, if you don’t shop for pantaloons, Durga Puja is mud, if you don’t make a blazer from Raymond, it doesn’t fit your body. Despite having a 100cc or 150cc motorbike, Bullet aka Royal Enfield doesn’t work, etc., etc. So says Emma Watson, “Wearing unbranded and cheap clothes doesn’t mean you’re poor. Remember: you have a family to feed. Not a community to impress” The sentence should properly mean middle-class family.

Middle-class families invest their life savings in an event like a wedding which is a social status।
- Upper-class families don’t think about others they invest their savings and build their wealth.

Middle-class families stop acquiring knowledge after a certain period. But the elite families keep lending their knowledge and never stop learning.

These are some of the unwritten rules and practices of middle-class families, which make them stay middle class.

There are also other lessons that never allow the middle class to grow up. পড়ুন Read the reasons why the middle class is the best! Who will prevent the middle class from becoming poor?

Some interesting facts that will blow your mind now!

by Md Kawsar Munna | Dec 9, 2021 | Psychology

Did you know that worms eat four to six times their weight each day? Or that trained pigeons can tell the difference between Claude Monet and Pablo Picasso? Who knew?

But there are dangers out there, too. Your cell phone is infested with bacteria (see below) and traces of the bubonic plague have been found in the New York City subway. It turns out, when you dig a little deeper, things that you’ve taken for granted or that seem perfectly normal can surprise you. With that in mind, here are some weird little interesting facts you’ll likely be surprised to learn. For more informative tidbits to get your mind racing, here are some interesting facts to Make You Smarter This Week.

The mass of clouds floating in the sky:

Many of us think of clouds as light floating objects like cotton, but in reality they are not. The size of a normally sized cloud floating in the sky is much larger than what we see with the naked eye. So its mass is much higher. The mass of such a piece of cloud is more than 100 elephants, that is about 1 million pounds!

Multiple brain animals:

If the brain is the measure of an animal’s intelligence, then the octopus is the most intelligent animal. Because the number of their brains is nine! In addition, octopuses have three hearts. One is for the gills or the respiratory system only, one is centrally for everything and the other is a heart for the octopus legs only.

Nail growth:

Even if you don’t want to do anything else in winter, there is one thing you have to do, and that is to cut your nails. This is because nails grow faster in winter than in other seasons.

The most powerful creature on earth:

Bacteria are the most powerful organism on earth. Bacteria are tiny microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye, and they are the most powerful organisms on earth! Yeah Al that sounds pretty crap to me, Looks like BT aunt for me either. So know that a bacterium is capable of carrying 100,000 times its own body weight.

Where the most oxygen comes from:

We have known since childhood that oxygen, the essential element of survival, comes from trees. In the process of photosynthesis, we survive on the oxygen produced by the tree. But now you know, half of the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere comes from the sea? Yeah Al that sounds pretty crap to me, Looks like Phytoplankton, the tiny unicellular marine plant that lives in the oceans, is about half the amount of oxygen released into the Earth’s atmosphere.

The amount of bacteria in the human body:

You may be surprised to learn that the number of cells in your body is 10 times that of bacteria! On the way back every human being is a bacterial sanctuary! No matter how much soap, spray, handwash or anti-germwash you use, it is impossible to get rid of bacteria. But the funny thing is that almost all of these bacteria are good for our body. Not only sound education but his alertness and dedication too are most required. It is impossible for us to survive without them.

The time when light reaches our eyes:

The light we see in our eyes is the result of photons from the sun. After these photon particles originate in the center of the Sun, it takes about 160,000 years for the surface of the Sun to reach the surface. And it takes only 6 minutes to come to our eyes from that surface. This means that the light we see now was created inside the sun more than 200,000 years ago. And now what is being created would have to wait another two hundred thousand years to reach the earth.

Total amount of water in the oceans:

We have a total of 32 crore cubic miles of water in all the oceans of the world. This water occupies 81 percent of our world. Now if all these seawater were dried up, the amount of salt that would be left behind would mean that our continent would be able to easily lose 6 continents below 500 feet. Now the way our Antarctica is covered under ice, everything will be covered under the wheels of deeper salt.

Length of veins in the human body:

If the number of veins, sub-veins and other blood vessels in a human body could be arranged vertically one after the other, its length would be 72,000 kilometers. This means that you can cover the whole world two and a half times only with the veins of your body.

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Psychology of girls. simple tricks to understand!

by Md Kawsar Munna | Dec 5, 2021 | Psychology

If you find yourself struggling to understand the women in your life, don’t worry—it’s not as complicated as you might think. The trick to understanding the psychology of girls is to put your assumptions aside and get to know them as individuals.

Whether she’s an acquaintance, a family member, or a romantic partner, if you take time to talk to a woman and really listen to what she has to say, you’ll soon have a clearer grasp of who she is and what makes her tick.

You may also find it helpful to get familiar with women’s issues and learn to recognize and question some common gender stereotypes.

Some psychology and statistics of girls:

1) Girls have more of a gene called OPN1LW on the x chromosome to understand the color red, so they see many shades between red and orange, which boys don’t.

2) From the age of 11 months, girls start to fear insects. Recently scientists are calling it a genetic matter.

3) Despite having an equal number of nerves, the reason why girls hear whispers more and taste better is still unknown.

4) Florida Atlantic University researchers say that girls are more adept at cyberbullying or internet-based harassment and spreading rumors than boys.

5) Girls can recognize faces and recognize roads faster than boys

6) Although emotions are high, due to the special control system of the brain, girls commit suicide 6 times less than boys.

7) Girls’ heart beats faster and they use more words in speech

8) If a girl can hold someone for at least 15 seconds, it means she trusts the person.

9) Girls subconsciously feel uncomfortable keeping their hands free so they keep purses, mobiles.. something like that.

10) In a typical 75-year life a girl spends a combined 1 year choosing clothes, 1 year looking at herself in the mirror, and 4 years with menstrual bleeding.

11) When receiving a call, girls only bend their necks towards the phone and most of the boys turn their whole bodies.

12) If there is any loud noise around, most of the girls close their ears with their fingers and boys with their hands.

13) Most girls laugh while applying makeup

14) When looking at a map, girls look at the direction they will go instead of North.

15) Among the top 20 richest women in the world, except Harry Potter author Rowling, all of them may have inherited their wealth from their fathers rather than their husbands.

16) Girls have more nightmares and emotional dreams than boys.

17) If you pronounce the girl’s name while talking to a girl, the girl likes that person more.

18) Girls live longer than boys in every nation in the world.

19) Girls are very happy when someone asks them for solutions, wants to know what they like, and calls them cute nicknames.

20) Girls get most of their experiences by listening to friends or reading books rather than by themselves.

21) Girls don’t like to wait for anything.

22) 40% of women in developed western countries now give birth to children while unmarried.

23) Girls in developed countries spend 17 years of their lives dieting.

24) Girls cry 30-64 times a year and boys 6-17 times.

25) Girls lie an average of 3 times and boys 6 times a day.

26) High heels have been worn by girls since the 1600s, it was previously a boy’s shoe. Especially butchers.

27) Girls who sleep with their noses closed during pregnancy have poor health.

28) Taller girls have more cancer risk than shorter ones.

29) Girls are better at multitasking than boys.

30) Only 2% of girls in the world consider themselves beautiful.

31) 1 in 6 developed country girls are victims of sexual harassment.

32) Girls blink 19 times per minute and boys 11 times.

33) Girls in developed countries have 150 different hairstyles throughout their life.

34) In China, unmarried girls between the ages of 20-22 are called “Shang Nu”, meaning “old girls”.

35) In 1 year, the combined income of all the professional women in the world is 18 million dollars but the combined expenditure is 28 million dollars.

36) Not only in Bangladesh but all over the world the salary of girls is low. The least disparity is in New Zealand, where women earn 5% less than men.

37) There were 800,000 female soldiers in the Soviet Army during World War II.

38) Brazil’s Victoria’s Secret Company says – 80% of girls in the world wear the wrong size underwear.

39) Only by looking at the fingerprint can you tell whether it is a boy or a girl because girls have twice as many amino acids as boys, which changes something in the fingerprint.

40) 80% of buyers of the “50 shades of grey” book were girls.

41) Ancient Roman girls used to collect the sweat of “gladiators” and use it as makeup.

42) In 1678, the world’s first woman to receive an academic degree was “Elena Cornaro Piscopia” of the University of Padua, Italy.

43) “Saint Lucia” is the only country in the world named only after a girl.

44) If you ask a girl “What happened?” If she answers “Nothing” then you must understand the complete opposite i.e. something must have happened.

45) Still 60.3 crore girls of the world do not consider it a crime to be born at home.

46) Even in the 21st century, every 90 seconds, 1 girl dies giving birth.

47) Girls like guys who have a sense of humor and can make quick decisions.

Remember, every woman is a unique and individual person, just like you. She has her own life story, circumstances, and experiences that have shaped who she is. As you get to know her, try thinking of her as a person first before looking at her gender or any preconceived notions of what a woman “should” be like.

This doesn’t mean you have to ignore her gender—it’s a big part of most people’s identities, after all. Just recognize that it doesn’t totally define who she is.

Get in touch with your own thoughts and feelings. It may seem strange, but understanding yourself better can make it easier for you to understand your partner. If you’re not sure what’s going on in your own head and heart, you’ll have a harder time connecting to what she’s thinking and feeling. Take time each day to mindfully pay attention to your own emotions, thoughts, and physical sensations.

‎Some way that you can easily study for 7-8 hours at a day

by Md Kawsar Munna | Nov 25, 2021 | Physics

‎you can easily study for 7-8 hours. in this case, the will is enough.

but the point is, the focus is on the subject until you study. we don’t pay attention to anything for long. our thoughts are scattered.

how long do I think about it, how long is it? studies have shown that a person thinks about 70,000 daily.

So you have to consciously try to keep your attention on something. the most important thing to study is to study it with hard attention. you have to set goals ahead. the answers to three questions are enough for him.

1. what to do?

2. why read?

3. when to read?

Remember that our mind is like a donkey. the donkey wants to go against the way he asks him to go. so the only way to take the donkey to the destination is to hang a radish in front of him. he’ll run after mile. and for people, that Mula is the goal of life.

so the goal of life is secondly, following a routine will make the study rhythmic. because our brain loves to do rhythmic work. initially, 20-30% of the routine is enough to follow. if you try to follow regularly, rest for 5-10 minutes after studying for 50 minutes in a row.

4. avoid mobile phones, tips, gossip at this time. because if you do this, it is 5-10 minutes and 1-2 hours and it is not known. you can do vajra ashan if you want to. this is helpful in increasing attention.‎

‎5. keep the reading area as much as possible every day. do not keep anything that is mind-catching in the reading room. e.g.,___tv, no listening back, etc. if the reading table is wall-facing, keep a good mobile phone silent, no need to close.

6. avoid checking notifications while reading. these do nothing but divert your attention

7. make your studies fun. check out the text title as you read and get an idea about it. it will be easier to understand the reading.

Take studies as a challenge. reward yourself after work. for example, you can watch -movies, eat your favorite food.

it’s important to time to study. share time properly.

when you like to read your son and read the time. (e.g-me likes to read from 5:30 a.m.) time doesn’t matter. love is the first

8. not sitting down to read heavy food or watch favorite tv shows or serials.

you can do a job to get rid of it. sit down with a paper while sitting down to read. write down the shortcut as you remember while reading and think about it at the end of the study.

if you do this for a few days, you will see that you can meditate regularly for 30 minutes to increase your attention. very effective.

10. yoga helps in increasing concentration.‎

‎Finally, I want to say, Dream big‎

‎it’ll be enough.‎

That’s it.‎

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Full form of some short words for general knowledge.

by Md Kawsar Munna | Nov 15, 2021 | Physics

Education is a short form of some short words in life

💠 J.S.C – full form — Junior School Certificate.

💠 J.D.C – full form — Junior Dakhil Certificate.

💠 S.S.C – full form — Secondary School Certificate.

💠 H.S.C – full form — Higher Secondary Certificate.

💠 A.M – full form — Ante meridiam.

💠 P.M – full form — Post meridiam.

💠 B. A – full form — Bachelor of Arts.

💠 B.B.S – — Bachelor of Business Studies.
💠B.S.S — Bachelor of Social Science.
💠 B.B.A — Bachelor of Business Administration
💠 M.B.A — Masters of Business Administration.
💠 B.C.S — Bangladesh Civil Service.
💠 M.A. — Master of Arts.
💠 B.Sc. — Bachelor of Science.
💠 M.Sc. — Master of Science.
💠 B.Sc. Ag. — Bachelor of Science in Agriculture.
💠 M.Sc.Ag. — Master of Science in Agriculture.
💠 M.B.B.S. — Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.
💠 M.D. — Doctor of Medicine./ Managing director.
💠 M.S. — Master of Surgery.
💠 Ph.D./ D.Phil. — Doctor of Philosophy (Arts & Science)
💠 D.Litt./Lit. — Doctor of Literature/ Doctor of Letters.
💠 D.Sc. — Doctor of Science.
💠 B.C.O.M — Bachelor of Commerce.
💠 M.C.O.M — Master of Commerce.
💠 B.ed — Bachelor of education.

The full form of the short word for government office or our daily companions:

💠 M.P. — Member of Parliament.
💠 M.L.A. — Member of Legislative Assembly.
💠 M.L.C — Member of Legislative Council.
💠 P.M. — Prime Minister.
💠 V.P — Vice President./ Vice-Principal.
💠 V.C — Vice-Chancellor.
💠 D.C- — District Commissioner/ Deputy Commissioner.
💠 S.P- — Police Super.
💠 S.I — Sub Inspector Police
💠 GPA – Grade Point Average
💠 Dr. — Doctor.
💠 Mr. — Mister.
💠 Mrs. — Mistress.
💠 Miss — used before unmarried girls.

A repetition of some of the short words used every day:

মধ্যবিত্ত পরিবারের যে অভ্যাসগুলোর কারণে একই ভাবে সারাজীবন কাটাতে হয় !!
গ্যালাক্সির ধরন, ক্লাস্টার এবং সমষ্টি, উৎপত্তি এবং গ্যালাক্সি পূর্বাভাস
জীবনে যে সকল কাজ করলে মেধাশক্তি কমে যায় বা বুদ্ধি কমে যাওয়ার কারণ

Wi-Fi — Wireless Fidelity.
HTTP — HyperText Transfer Protocol.
HTTPS — Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure.
URL — Uniform Resource Locator.
IP — Internet Protocol
VIRUS — Vital Information Resources Under Seized.
SIM — Subscriber Identity Module.
3G — 3rd Generation.
GSM — Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA — Code Divison Multiple Access.
UMTS — Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
RTS — Real-Time Streaming
AVI — Audio Video Interleave
SIS — Symbian OS Installer File
AMR — Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
JAD — Java Application Descriptor
JAR — Java Archive
MP3 — MPEG player lll
3GPP — 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP — 3rd Generation Project
MP4 — MPEG-4 video file
AAC — Advanced Audio Coding
GIF — Graphics Interchangeable Format
BMP — Bitmap
JPEG — Joint Photographic Expert Group
SWF — Shock Wave Flash
WMV — Windows Media Video
WMA — Windows Media Audio
WAV — Waveform Audio
PNG — Portable Network Graphics
DOC — Document (Microsoft Corporation)
PDF — Portable Docoment Format
M3G — Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A — MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH — Nokia Theme(series 40)
THM — Themes (Sony Ericsson)
MMF — Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT — Nokia Ringtone
XMF — Extensible Music File
WBMP — Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX — DivX Video
HTML — HyperText Markup Language
WML — Wireless Markup Language
CD — Compact Disk.
DVD — Digital Versatile Disk.
CRT — Cathode Ray Tube.
DAT — Digital Audio Tape.
DOS — Disk Operating System.
GUI — Graphical User Interface.
ISP — Internet Service Provider.
TCP — Transmission control protocol.
UPS — Uninterruptible Power Supply.
HSDPA — High-Speed Downlink Packet Access.
EDGE — Enhanced Data Rate for GSM [Global System for Mobile Communication]
VHF — Very High Frequency.
UHF — Ultra High Frequency.
GPRS — General Packet Radio Service.
WAP — Wireless Application Protocol.
ARPANET — Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
IBM — International Business Machines.
HP — Hewlett Packard.
AM/FM — Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.
WLAN — Wireless Local Area Network
USB — Universal Serial Bus.
HD — High Definition
APK — Android application package.
BCS — Bangladesh Civil Service
NCTB — National Curriculum & Text Book
DPE — Directorate of Primary Education
VIP — Very Important Person
Ph.D. — Doctor of Philosophy
UNICEF — United Nations Children’s Fund
OK — All Correct
GMT — Greenwich Mean Time
MA — MASTER OF ARTS
yahoo — Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle
FBC — Federal bureau corporation
ABC — Alphabetically Based Computerized
DDR — Double data rate
VAT – — Value Added Tex
IP- – Internet Protocol
WWW — World Wide Web.
A-Level — Advanced Level
BTV — Bangladesh Television
LP — Long Playing
Personal Index Number
KG — KiloGram / Kindergarten
RAM — Random Access Memory
ROM — Read-Only Memory
Mbps — Megabytes Per Second(MBps)
DJ- — Disc jockey
AM – Ante Meridiem
PM – Post Meridiem
OTG – — On The Go
.

Apologies for any errors. If you like it, you can share it with your friends, you can also put it on the timeline.

Thanks For Reading

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